The suspects were detained in recent days in the capital Warsaw and the cities of Wrocław, Kraków, Zakopane and Bydgoszcz in a joint operation by the ABW and the Border Guard.
Authorities said all 11 would be deported from Poland.
Tomasz Siemoniak, the government minister in charge of Poland's security services, said the suspects had recruited and paid participants to attend demonstrations within the Ukrainian refugee community since the autumn of last year.
According to the ABW's findings, "the funding and direction for the activities originated in Russia," making them part of an attempt to influence Ukrainian refugees living in Poland, state news agency PAP reported.
Investigators said the suspects had ties to Russia and Belarus and sought to gradually influence Ukrainian refugee communities by encouraging them to promote political slogans and narratives.
The agency said organizers used emotionally charged issues, including reports of corruption scandals in Ukraine, to encourage participation in demonstrations.
In a statement, the ABW said the influence campaign was "an example of activity below the threshold of conventional aggression," aimed at undermining public trust, fueling social tensions and exploiting people who had fled the war in Ukraine.
Poland has repeatedly accused Russia of conducting hybrid operations, including disinformation campaigns, cyberattacks and acts of sabotage, against the country and other NATO members since Moscow launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
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Source: IAR, PAP, abw.gov.pl