The incident occurred on Wednesday in waters about 18 nautical miles north of the town of Władysławowo, near the Petrobaltic offshore pipeline, the Polish Maritime Border Guard said in a statement.
The boat slowed as it crossed over the pipeline but complied with instructions to leave the area, officials said.
The crew cited engine trouble, but "after receiving a radio alert, they moved away from the critical infrastructure zone," the Border Guard said.
Authorities said vessels sailing near critical infrastructure such as undersea pipelines are immediately ordered to depart the area.
Interior Ministry spokeswoman Karolina Gałecka told reporters the Russian boat had lingered near the pipeline for about 20 minutes.
Defense Minister Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz said provocative Russian actions take place daily in the Baltic Sea and in the air. He urged caution but said Poland must respond decisively.
He added that Poland is closely tracking the so-called “shadow fleet” of Russian-linked vessels and noted that similar incidents occur regularly in Nordic and neighboring countries.
Prime Minister Donald Tusk also said that such activity in the Baltic is almost a daily occurrence, public broadcaster Polish Radio’s IAR news agency reported.
The Baltic Sea is bordered by eight NATO countries, which have stepped up efforts to protect undersea cables and pipelines after a series of suspected sabotage incidents that Western officials have partly blamed on Moscow, the Reuters news agency reported.
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Source: IAR, Reuters, morski.strazgraniczna.pl