The decision was announced by Deputy Defence Minister Magdalena Sobkowiak-Czarnecka, who led Poland's negotiations with the United States.
Calling it a "historic decision," Sobkowiak-Czarnecka said Poland's proposal had "scored the highest" in the bidding process.
"This success was not obvious," she wrote on X. "It is the result of many months of negotiations and hard work by the entire team."
The Pentagon said in a statement that Poland had been selected as "the host nation for the European Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3) Missile Maintenance Facility."
The facility will be supported by transatlantic industrial cooperation, with Germany, the Netherlands and Sweden playing key roles in integrating the supply chain, according to the statement.
"Today's announcement puts partnership into action. By investing national resources to establish this critical sustainment capability on NATO's Eastern Front, Allies are sending a clear message: the Alliance is united, serious about deterrence, and ready to back our words with action," said Michael P. Duffey, US undersecretary of defence for acquisition and sustainment.
The facility will provide maintenance, repair and overhaul capabilities in Europe, shortening turnaround times and strengthening supply lines for NATO's air and missile defence forces, the US government said.
Lockheed Martin, which manufactures the PAC-3 missiles, said the facility would provide on-site repair, refurbishment, life-cycle support and recertification. It will be integrated with Poland's existing defence industry.
The facility will be the only such centre outside the United States, Sobkowiak-Czarnecka said.
She told reporters in Brussels that the project would be worth about PLN 1 billion (EUR 230 million, USD 250 million) and that it would take about a year to become operational.
Earlier on Tuesday, Prime Minister Donald Tusk told a Cabinet meeting that negotiations were nearing completion after receiving updates from Defence Minister Władysław Kosiniak-Kamysz and Sobkowiak-Czarnecka.
Tusk said Poland had worked hard to "bring these capabilities and infrastructure to the country" while competing against "several ambitious rivals."
PAC-3 MSE interceptors are currently manufactured and serviced in the United States, meaning European operators have had to send missiles across the Atlantic for maintenance and technical checks.
The new facility is intended to allow such work to be carried out in Europe, reducing turnaround times.
Polish officials have separately expressed an interest in future domestic production of Patriot interceptors, but the facility announced on Tuesday is a maintenance and sustainment centre rather than a production plant, news outlets reported.
Demand for Patriot interceptors has risen as air defence stocks have been strained by the wars in Ukraine and the Middle East, while Patriot systems have played a key role in defending Ukraine against Russian ballistic missile attacks.
Polish Deputy Defence Minister Paweł Zalewski said on Tuesday that the new facility would strengthen Poland's security and serve Europe as a whole.
He said the state-owned Polish Armaments Group (PGZ) would be involved in the project but did not disclose where in Poland the facility would be built.
Polish presidential minister Marcin Przydacz said the decision was the result of efforts by President Karol Nawrocki in cooperation with the defence ministry.
Przydacz, who heads Nawrocki's International Policy Bureau, told Poland's PAP news agency that the president "has been involved in this process from the very beginning" and that his visit to the United States this spring, including talks with Lockheed Martin executives, was aimed at securing the project.
He said Nawrocki also raised the issue directly with US President Donald Trump during a meeting in New York.
'Polish unity at its best': US ambassador
The US ambassador to Poland, Tom Rose, wrote on X that Trump's "decision to select Poland to host the PAC-3 Missile Maintenance Facility marks a major milestone in US–Polish defense cooperation and strengthens NATO's collective defense."
He said Poland "earned this opportunity through its strong proposal, eagerness to expand its defense industrial capabilities, and willingness to invest in its own defense."
He added: "This is Polish unity at its best — the Polish government and the Presidential Chancellery under Karol Nawrocki working together to get the job done."
"This was no easy decision," Rose also said. "Germany, Sweden, and the Netherlands submitted outstanding proposals. All three are indispensable NATO allies whose defense industrial capabilities will be essential as we build NATO 3.0. There will be many more opportunities. This is President Trump's vision in action: allies investing in their own defense, expanding industrial capacity, and working together to build a stronger, more capable, more self-reliant NATO."
Patriot systems are a key component of Poland's air defence architecture. Under the Wisła (Vistula) air defence programme, Poland has received two Patriot batteries and ordered around 200 PAC-3 MSE interceptors as part of its initial procurement.
The second phase of the Wisła programme includes six additional Patriot batteries and roughly 600 advanced interceptors. The deliveries, originally scheduled to be completed by 2029, are expected to face delays.
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Source: IAR/PAP, war.gov