Donald Tusk unveiled the new body at a news conference on Wednesday, state news agency PAP reported.
He thanked "everyone who agreed to be part of the Future Council."
Tusk added the council featured "scientists who know how to turn science into business and big money."
They represent sectors such as artificial intelligence, biotechnology and defence, the prime minister said.
Tusk also announced that the work of the Future Council would be presided over by the Finance and Economy Minister Andrzej Domański.
The prime minister said the panel would include "people who conquered outer space, who know how to produce the most valued satellites" as well as scientists who "know how to design the future so that Poland is the leader in many disciplines."
"We believe Poland can be the best place when it comes to business, technology and creative thinking," Tusk added.
Domański said that in the coming years and decades, Poland's economic growth would be based on artificial intelligence, data, space technology, dual-use technologies and biotechnology.
He added that the Future Council would soon unveil its first recommendations on how to streamline decision-making in key areas of the economy.
Members of the Future Council include Krzysztof Pyrć, head of the Foundation for Polish Science, Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski, an astronaut with the European Space Agency, and Piotr Wojciechowski, CEO of WB Group, Poland's biggest private defence company.
(pm)
Source: PAP