Sobkowiak-Czarnecka told reporters she made the proposal during talks with her counterparts at the Pentagon and the US State Department.
She said the talks focused on Polish-US military cooperation, defence industry collaboration, Patriot missile production and the European Union's SAFE defence financing mechanism.
The Polish proposal comes after US President Donald Trump said at last month's NATO summit that Washington was considering establishing a Patriot production facility linked to Ukraine.
"The proposal we presented addresses concerns raised by the American side," Sobkowiak-Czarnecka told reporters.
"We proposed trilateral cooperation involving the United States, Ukraine and Poland because the goal is to ensure that this production takes place in a safe location," she said.
She added that Patriot missiles were in demand worldwide and said discussions among the three countries would continue.
Sobkowiak-Czarnecka said she argued that Poland should host a regional maintenance and servicing hub for Patriot air defence systems, citing the country's growing defence industry and its strategic location on NATO's eastern flank.
She told reporters the talks also covered a possible expansion of the US military presence in Poland.
She said the US administration had established a working group within the Pentagon to advance the project, while Poland's defence ministry had also created its own team.
She added that any final decision on additional US troop deployments would rest with Trump.
Sobkowiak-Czarnecka also said that discussions continued on a proposed USD 4 billion US Foreign Military Financing (FMF) loan that would help Poland purchase additional American military equipment.
She said she hoped the financing agreement could be signed during the next few weeks.
Sobkowiak-Czarnecka added that Poland's participation in the EU's SAFE defence financing programme would not prevent it from continuing to purchase US-made military equipment.