Weintraub celebrated his birthday in Stockholm, where he has lived for many years, Polish state news agency PAP reported.
A physician by profession, Weintraub is one of the last living survivors of the Litzmannstadt Ghetto and Honorary Citizen of the city of Łódź.
He also survived several German death camps, including Auschwitz, Gross-Rosen and Flossenbürg.
Łódź Mayor Hanna Zdanowska sent a congratulatory letter, calling Weintraub "one of the most important guardians of memory."
As a gift, she enclosed a special edition of the novel "Promised Land," by the Polish Nobel Prize-winning author Władysław Reymont.
Zdanowska wrote: "A hundredth birthday is an absolutely special moment - a rare privilege and a great celebration of life. Today, we celebrate not only an impressive jubilee, but first and foremost, an extraordinary Human, whose life has been etched forever in the history of Łódź and the world."
"You are our friend, an ambassador of our city in the world," the Łódź mayor added.
Leon Weintraub was born in Łódź in 1926. His father died when Leon was one years old. By the time World War II broke out, Weintraub had managed to finish six years of elementary school.
In the winter of 1939, he was deported, together with his mother and sisters, to the Litzmannstadt ghetto. In 1944, at the age of 18, Weintraub was sent to Auschwitz.
While there, he avoided death by spontaneously joining a group of prisoners who were being sent to labour camps. Weintraub was sent to Gross-Rosen, Flossenbürg and Natzweiler-Struthof.
After the war, he studied medicine in Göttingen, Germany, and after returning to Poland he worked as a gynaecologist.
In 1969, amid anti-Semitic tensions, he was stripped of his job as head of a hospital ward and forced to leave Poland.
Weintraub went to Sweden and settled in Stockholm where he lives to this day with wife Evamaria.
Last year, after receiving the title of the Honorary Citizen of the City of Łódź, Weintraub said that he had to leave Poland because rumours spread he was "conducting experiments on Polish women."
"As an Auschwitz survivor, it was a humiliating experience," he said.
Leon Weintraub is one of the last living survivors of the Litzmannstadt ghetto and the last living survivor of his family that arrived there in 1940. His family numbered 80 people, only 16 of which survived the war.
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Source: PAP