The legislation had been passed by both houses of parliament and would have been Poland's first legal framework for formally recognising such unions.
President Karol Nawrocki vetoed the legislation over what he described as constitutional concerns, particularly Article 18, which protects the institution of marriage.
A total of 431 MPs took part in the vote to overturn Nawrocki's veto on Thursday; 232 voted in favour, while 199 voted against. A total of 259 votes were needed to override the veto.
The government’s proposal would have allowed two adults to enter into a registered agreement before a notary, covering issues such as property arrangements, housing rights, access to medical information, burial arrangements and maintenance obligations.
Rulings by the European Court of Human Rights require Poland to provide legal recognition and protection for same-sex couples.
A survey conducted by researcher ABR Sesta in October last year and cited by the Miłość Nie Wyklucza association found that 54 percent of Poles supported same-sex marriage, while 35 percent opposed it.
The survey was conducted among 1,014 respondents.
A survey conducted by SW Research in early June for the Campaign Against Homophobia found that 47.8 percent of respondents believed Nawrocki should sign the bill, compared with 14.3 percent who said he should not sign it.
In the same survey, nearly 80 percent of respondents said the status of same-sex couples in Poland should be legally protected.
According to Poland's 2021 national census, the number of marriages has declined, while the number of unmarried different-sex couples increased from 316,500 in 2011 to 552,800 in 2021.
(sp/gs)
Source: PAP