President Andrzej Duda and First Lady Agata Kornhauser-Duda were among those who attended the ceremony in the southern Polish city of Kraków.
Półtawska, one of the closest friends of Karol Wojtyła, from the early years of his priesthood to the final days of his long pontificate as Pope John Paul II, died in Kraków on October 24, a week before her 102nd birthday.
In his eulogy at the funeral, Duda described the departed woman as "an unwavering advocate for life, morality, and a believer in other people."
A renowned psychiatrist and a devout Roman Catholic, Półtawska dedicated her life to promoting family values and championing anti-abortion causes, officials said.
During World War II, she endured the horrors of the Nazi German concentration camp in Ravensbrück, where she was subjected to cruel medical experiments.
Throughout her life, Półtawska authored nearly 400 publications on psychiatry, the protection of unborn life, marriage and family.
Her honours included the Order of the White Eagle, Poland's highest state award.
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Source: IAR, PAP