The Polish team won 26-28, 25-15, 36-34, 25-17 at the Palaflorio in Bari, Italy, on Tuesday night, public broadcaster TVP Sport reported.
Poland will now face Slovenia in the semifinal in Rome on Thursday, according to the European Volleyball Confederation (CEV).
The quarterfinal victory over Serbia marked Poland’s seventh successive win at EuroVolley2023, which is being held in Italy, North Macedonia, Bulgaria and Israel.
Poland, managed by Serbian coach Nikola Grbić, beat the Czech Republic 3-0 in their opening game of the EuroVolley tournament and followed up with a 3-1 win against the Netherlands and a 3-0 victory over co-hosts North Macedonia.
The Poles, who are one of the world's strongest teams, defeated Denmark 3-0 in its penultimate group-stage match in Skopje on September 5, before beating Montenegro 3-0, also in Skopje, on September 6.
Poland then beat Belgium 3-1 in the Round-of-16 match in Bari, Italy, on Sunday.
The 2023 Men's EuroVolley championships run until September 16.
The Poles won the bronze at the 2021 EuroVolley tournament.
Poland won world championship titles in 2014 and 2018 and finished runners-up last year.
Earlier this year, Grbić's men won the Volleyball Nations League.
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Source: TVP Sport, EuroVolley2023