The 25-year-old from the Decathlon AG2R La Mondiale team was the fastest in the 150 km stage that started and ended in the southwestern mountain resort of Karpacz.
He edged out Czech cyclist Mathias Vacek and Monaco’s Victor Langellotti by two seconds after a challenging final climb.
Poland’s Rafał Majka was the highest-placed home rider, finishing 10th, four seconds behind the winner.
Another top Polish contender, Michał Kwiatkowski, had led the pack with 700 metres to go but faded late and placed 34th, finishing 38 seconds off the pace, state news agency PAP reported.
Stage three of the 82nd Tour de Pologne will take riders on a 159.3-kilometre loop beginning and ending in the southwestern city of Wałbrzych on Wednesday.
Nearly 170 riders from 22 international teams are competing in the seven-stage 1,076 km race, which runs until Sunday.
Denmark’s Jonas Vingegaard won last year's Tour de Pologne.
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Source: IAR, PAP