The 24-year-old's breakthrough run at Roland Garros propelled her into the world's top 100 for the first time and made her Poland's second-highest-ranked player.
Fellow Pole Iga Świątek remained No. 3 despite her fourth-round exit in Paris.
However, the gap separating her from second-ranked Elena Rybakina of Kazakhstan widened, while fourth-ranked Jessica Pegula and fifth-ranked Amanda Anisimova of the United States closed in behind her.
American Coco Gauff dropped from fourth to seventh place after failing to defend her French Open title, exiting in the third round.
World No. 1 Aryna Sabalenka of Belarus retained the top spot despite losing nearly 1,000 ranking points after falling in the quarterfinals. Sabalenka had finished runner-up in Paris last year.
French Open champion Mirra Andreeva of Russia climbed to No. 6, while Ukraine's Marta Kostyuk reached a career-high No. 12 after advancing to the semifinals.
Russia's Diana Shnaider moved up from No. 23 to No. 16 after her semifinal run ended against Chwalińska.
Two other Polish players in the top 100 also improved their rankings. Magdalena Fręch rose from No. 46 to No. 43 despite a second-round loss in Paris, while Magda Linette climbed from No. 73 to No. 60 after reaching the third round, where she was defeated by Świątek.
In the WTA Race standings, which count only results from this season and determine qualification for the season-ending WTA Finals, Świątek is 11th with 1,823 points and Chwalińska is 14th with 1,454. Andreeva leads the race with 4,928 points.