Left-hander Chwalińska shook off early nerves to beat Britain's Sonay Kartal 2-6, 6-4, 6-2 as she deployed a defensive right-handed lob to disrupt Kartal's flow and outwitted the Briton with changes in direction and winners into the corners.
Briton Kartal, 170th in the WTA rankings and the lowest-ranked finalist in a WTA 1000 tournament, dominated the first set with powerful forehands as her Polish opponent's drop shots and slices kept landing wide.
But 25-year-old Chwalińska, fresh off a win over childhood friend Iga Świątek, fought back in the second set, dragging Kartal into long rallies and earning three breaks to force a decider.
Playing in her second final on tour, the Pole finished off the match by winning four games in a row.
She is now set to rise to a career-high No. 11 in the WTA singles rankings.
With her Wuhan Open win Chwalińska became the fifth Polish woman in history to win a WTA Tour.
Saturday saw Chwalińska cruise into the championship match after defeating her more decorated fellow national Iga Świątek in a historic all-Polish semifinal clash.
The match marked a milestone for Polish tennis, with two local players reaching the semifinals of the same WTA 1000 event for the first time since the category was introduced in 2009.
Chwalińska made headlines earlier this year when she advanced to the Roland Garros final, eventually succumbing to Russia's Mirra Andreeva.
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Source: PAP, Reuters