Świątek had withdrawn from the WTA 500 tournament in Ningbo, China because of the injury and lost her chance to qualify for the season-ending WTA Finals featuring the top eight players of the year.
She sustained the injury during the Wuhan Open, where she lost last week to fellow Pole Maja Chwalińska in the semifinals.
"This has been one of the most demanding seasons of my career, with a lot of challenges, changes and lessons along the way," Świątek wrote on Instagram.
"I’m especially proud of the work we’ve done in the second half of the year and the progress that came with it. It gives me a lot of confidence in what’s ahead," she said.
"The past few months, or actually the past couple of years, have been incredibly intense and I feel I need to rest and recover my body fully," she added. "So that’s exactly what I will do, a bit longer this time. I’ve decided to end my season here, which means I won’t be playing any more tournaments this year."
Świątek is currently ranked No. 9 in the world but could finish the year lower.
She won one tournament this season, the Toronto Open. Her best result at a Grand Slam was a quarterfinal appearance at the Australian Open.
Chwalińska, meanwhile, climbed from No. 22 to a career-high No. 11 in Monday's rankings after winning the Wuhan Open.
She also withdrew from the tournament in Ningbo, which began on Monday, one day after winning her first WTA title in Wuhan.
Chwalińska beat Britain's Sonay Kartal 2-6, 6-4, 6-2 in Sunday's final.
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Source: IAR/PAP