The talks, officially known as intergovernmental consultations, were led by Poland’s Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki and Romania’s Nicolae Ciucă.
Major topics included regional security, bilateral cooperation and "issues on the EU agenda," according to Polish government officials.
They told reporters that Romania is one of Poland's most important allies on the eastern flank of NATO and that the two countries have for years "similarly assessed the threats and the importance of transatlantic cooperation in strengthening European security."
The Polish Prime Minister's Office said in a tweet that the two countries "closely cooperate within the European Union and in the region."
It announced that the two governments on Thursday signed a raft of new cooperation agreements in various areas.
More 'painful' sanctions needed on Russia: Polish PM
Poland's Morawiecki told reporters after the talks that both he and his Romanian counterpart were calling on the European Commission to implement a "really painful" package of sanctions on Russia over its war against Ukraine.
"Together with Prime Minister Nicolae Ciucă, we believe that these must be universal sanctions, affecting the entire banking system in Russia," Morawiecki was quoted as saying.
Speaking at a joint news conference with Ciucă, Morawiecki renewed his call on the European Commission to approve an embargo on Russian coal.
"We must finally become independent from Russia, which takes dollars from Western Europe and turns them into a war machine," he said, as quoted by his office.
"We must counter this," he added.
Poland and Romania both border on Ukraine and have provided humanitarian assistance and shelter to hundreds of thousands of refugees in the wake of Russia's invasion.
Previous intergovernmental consultations between Poland and Romania were held in Bucharest in 2019 and in Warsaw in 2018, according to Polish government spokesman Piotr Müller.
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Source: IAR, PAP