Gregorczyk-Abram received 233 votes in the lower house of parliament, while rival candidate Adam Borowski, backed by the opposition Law and Justice (PiS) party, won 177 votes.
Twenty-three lawmakers voted against both candidates.
Gregorczyk-Abram's appointment still requires approval from the upper house before she can take office.
Gregorczyk-Abram is a lawyer specializing in human rights and has been involved in legal advocacy and civil rights initiatives.
She will replace Marcin Wiącek, whose five-year term as ombudsman ends on July 23.
(pu/gs)
Source: PAP, bip.brpo.gov.pl