Poland's lower house of parliament voted 253-0 in favour of the measure, with 177 abstentions, state news agency PAP reported.
The legislation, approved by the government earlier this week, now goes to the Senate, the upper house, for further consideration.
The measure would allow authorities to link earnings data to individual medical professionals through their PESEL personal identification numbers and professional licence numbers.
Government spokesman Adam Szłapka told reporters on Tuesday that the data would help officials better calculate the costs of healthcare services and improve management of the healthcare system.
Prime Minister Donald Tusk said the proposal was prompted in part by reports that a doctor still undergoing specialist training earned about PLN 1.6 million (EUR 380,000, USD 440,000) last year, an unusually high amount in an economy where the average monthly wage is below PLN 10,000.
"Information about earnings approaching PLN 2 million for doctors without specialist qualifications is certainly troubling," Tusk told ministers before a Cabinet meeting on Tuesday.
He said access to reliable information on salaries across the healthcare system would also benefit doctors and patients.
"Any irregularities, any signals that something raises serious moral, legal or organisational concerns, must be addressed as quickly as possible," Tusk said.
At the moment, hospitals and clinics provide authorities with anonymised salary data, making it impossible to determine the total income earned by individual doctors working under multiple contracts, according to the government.
Health Minister Jolanta Sobierańska-Grenda said last month that her ministry was analysing measures to limit payroll costs to between 60 percent and 70 percent of hospital budgets.
She said wage costs at some hospitals exceed the institutions' available funding.
Many doctors in Poland work under civil-law arrangements rather than standard employment contracts, giving them greater flexibility to negotiate pay, particularly in specialties facing staff shortages.
Łukasz Jankowski, head of the Polish Chamber of Physicians (NIL), has said doctors with around six years of experience who work on contracts earn an average gross monthly income of PLN 20,000 to PLN 30,000.
According to Jankowski, around 600 doctors in Poland earn more than PLN 100,000 (EUR 23,500, USD 27,250) gross per month.
He said the highest-paid physicians are typically specialists in short supply whose services are essential for hospitals to maintain operations.
Officials say linking earnings data to individual doctors would make it easier to assess actual workloads among medical staff employed at multiple facilities, identify staffing shortages and detect potential abuses, including irregular employment practices.
Hospital representatives have warned that proposed limits on payroll spending could be difficult to meet.
While hospitals are legally required to increase medical staff salaries each year, they have limited influence over reimbursement rates set by the National Health Fund (NFZ), which finances Poland's public healthcare system.
(gs)
Source: IAR, PAP