Speaking at a news conference in Warsaw, Tusk said the government's Integrated Rail Network programme would create what he described as Europe's most modern railway system.
"We are building the most modern railway network in Europe, and that is no exaggeration," Tusk told reporters.
The programme includes the construction of 2,700 kilometres of high-speed rail lines, more than 2,000 km of conventional railways and the modernisation of 5,600 km of existing track, Polish state news agency PAP reported.
High-speed trains will be capable of travelling at up to 350 kph, Tusk said.
He said the network would eventually connect all districts to the country's long-distance rail system.
"When this major project is completed, we should be carrying nearly 800 million passengers a year in Poland," Tusk said, adding that rail travel should become the preferred mode of transport for Poles.
The government says the project will cut journey times between the capital Warsaw and the country's largest cities to about 100 minutes, while trips between any two major regions should take no more than three hours.
Infrastructure Minister Dariusz Klimczak said rail projects currently underway were worth around PLN 100 billion (EUR 23 billion, USD 26 billion).
They include new rolling stock, additional tracks, digital modernisation and park-and-ride facilities.
He said tenders had already been launched for the country's first high-speed rail lines.
Deputy Infrastructure Minister Piotr Malepszak said Polish railways were expected to carry about 470 million passengers this year, up by around 100 million from 2023, and close to 500 million in 2027.
He added that around 7,000 trains now operate daily on Poland's rail network, the highest number on record.
The high-speed rail system forms part of Poland's Central Transport Hub (CPK) project.
Under the current timetable, a 130 km high-speed section between Warsaw and the central city of Łódź is due to open by the end of 2032. Extensions from Łódź to Poznań in the west and Wrocław in the southwest, forming the so-called Y line, are scheduled for completion by 2035.
The broader Integrated Rail Network, unveiled last month, envisages building 4,700 km of new railway lines and modernising 5,600 km of existing track by around 2050-2060.
The project is expected to cost about PLN 610 billion (around EUR 140 billion, USD 160 billion), with financing coming from public funds, including the national Rail Fund and bond issues.
According to Poland's Office of Rail Transport, the country's railways carried nearly 439 million passengers in 2025, the highest annual figure in three decades.
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Source: IAR, PAP