The study, conducted by researchers at the Medical University of Silesia, analyzed questionnaires from 364 students across 20 Polish universities. It found that 50.5 percent of participants met the criteria for Type D personality — well above the 15 to 25 percent typically estimated for the broader population.
The term, derived from the English word "distressed", describes individuals who frequently experience anxiety, sadness, tension, and pessimism, while also suppressing those feelings and avoiding social interaction out of fear of others' judgment.
"A person with a high intensity of both of these traits not only experiences negative emotions more often, but also shares them less frequently and less often seeks support", said Dr. Iga Florczyk of the Medical University of Silesia. "As a result, they may be left alone with their problems, which increases the risk of deteriorating well-being".
Students identified with Type D personality scored significantly lower across all measured quality-of-life domains, including physical health, psychological well-being, social relationships, and satisfaction with their living environment. They also reported lower energy levels, poorer sleep, and reduced ability to concentrate.
Researchers noted that the group more frequently reported prior diagnoses of depression and anxiety disorders. Statistical analysis showed, however, that Type D personality remained an independent factor associated with lower quality of life even after accounting for those conditions.
The authors cautioned that the results should not be taken as representative of all Polish students, as the voluntary online format may have attracted participants with greater interest in mental health issues or higher stress levels.
"The result draws attention to the scale of the potential problem", Florczyk said. "Even if the actual prevalence of Type D personality is lower, the data suggest that a significant group of students may be functioning under chronic emotional tension".
The researchers suggested universities could play a role in addressing the issue through mindfulness-based stress-reduction programs, social skills training, psychological counseling, and mental resilience initiatives.
(jh)
Source: PAP