The nest was removed intact on October 19, secured and handed over to researchers for analysis.
The insects collected from it were deposited at the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom.
Łukasz Nicewicz, a beekeeper and researcher at the University of Silesia, told Poland's PAP news agency that many young, fertile queens may already have left the nest to find places to spend the winter.
He said at least several dozen new nests could appear in the area next spring and become visible in tree canopies during summer.
The invasive species mainly threatens bees and related species, which are its primary food source.
Observations from Western Europe suggest that honeybee colonies weaken when yellow-legged hornets are present near apiaries.
Researchers consider nest destruction the only currently viable way to combat the species. Traps can also be used, but are less effective.
The species was first identified in Poland after a photograph of an adult hornet was posted on iNaturalist.
Beekeepers also shared photographs of hornets around their apiaries.
After researchers confirmed the species, they notified authorities and organised a field investigation.
The species was first recorded in Europe in France in 2004 and has since spread to other countries, including Germany and the Czech Republic.
It was spotted in Poland in October, first in Wielka Wieś and later at an apiary belonging to AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków.
(sp)
Source: PAP