The Poles had fallen 22-33 to host nation the Netherlands in their previous main-round match, a loss that ended their hopes of advancing.
The Polish team, coached by Norwegian Arne Senstad, finished 11th in the final standings.
The tournament, co-hosted by the Netherlands and Germany, runs through Sunday, with defending champions France eyeing a back-to-back title.
Poland also failed to reach the quarterfinals at the 2023 World Women's Handball Championship, co-hosted by Denmark, Norway and Sweden.
(gs)
Source: IAR, PAP