On the final day, Polish swimmers added two golds, one silver and one bronze, energising home fans.
Katarzyna Wasick won the women's 50 metres freestyle, while Justina Kozan captured gold in the women's 400 metres individual medley with a surprise victory that included a national record.
Wasick, who entered the final with the fastest qualifying time, led from start to finish and clocked 23.20 seconds, one-tenth off her Polish record, state news agency PAP reported.
France's Beryl Gastaldello and Italy's Sara Curtis tied for silver in 23.41.
"I’m very happy, though I felt a lot of pressure. This was a test of whether I could handle it," Wasick said.
"Winning in front of a home crowd is unbelievable. I could see tears in the eyes of my family when I stood on the podium. Now my dream is to prepare well for my sixth Olympic Games in Los Angeles," she added.
Meanwhile, Kozan, a Polish swimmer born in the United States and training at the University of Southern California, stunned the field in the 400 metres medley with a 4:28.56 finish.
Her time broke the Polish record set in 2007 by Katarzyna Baranowska.
Spain's Alba Vázquez Ruiz and Emma Carrasco Cadens placed second and third.
"This is crazy and beautiful—I didn't expect to break the Polish record," Kozan said. "I’m grateful for the support I receive from the national team."
Justina Kozan. Photo: PAP/Wojtek Jargiło
The men’s 200 metres butterfly produced one of the event's closest finishes.
Switzerland’s Noè Ponti won in 1:50.17, taking his fourth medal of the championships and third gold.
Poland’s twin brothers Krzysztof and Michał Chmielewski followed in 1:50.24 and 1:50.30.
"I’m filled with competitive anger—I wanted only the win," Krzysztof Chmielewski said.
Michał Chmielewski, by contrast, celebrated his performance. "This is a huge moment for me. I set a personal best and reached the podium," he said.
Earlier in the championships, Poland's Kamil Sieradzki won bronze in the men’s 200 metres freestyle, setting a national record.
Poland also earned silver in the men’s 4x50 metres freestyle relay, and bronzes in the women's and the mixed 4x50 metres freestyle relays.
Poland’s women finished fourth in Sunday’s 4x50 metres medley relay, narrowly missing a medal.
Organisers and officials praised the Lublin event, citing strong crowds, positive feedback from teams and numerous national records.
Otylia Jędrzejczak, head of the Polish Swimming Federation, said European Aquatics officials described the championships as well run.
"It may be a bit tight here, but it feels friendly and intimate," she said. "We have full stands, and athletes feel well cared for. Forty-six delegations came to Lublin—the most at a continental championship since the pandemic."
Poland's head coach, Bartosz Kizierowski, said the team produced "an incredible number of personal bests."
"Our swimmers are moving up in the rankings, and we’re winning medals," he said. "The level of competition is exceptional."
City officials told reporters that hosting the championships fits into Lublin's long-term strategy of promoting major sporting events.
This was the second European short-course championships held in Poland. The first took place in the northwestern city of Szczecin in 2011.