The president announced the date of the elections on the X social media platform, formerly known as Twitter, Polish state news agency PAP reported.
"I have decided to order that the election be held on October 15, 2023," Duda wrote.
"Poland's future is a matter for each of us," he added. "Use your rights."
Duda’s decision must now be published in the Journal of Laws within five days of being announced, officials said.
The publication will mark the official beginning of the election campaign.
Also published will be the electoral calendar, setting out the key deadlines, including for establishing electoral committees and for submitting candidates for seats in the Sejm, the lower house, and the Senate, the upper house of parliament.
On October 15, Poles from the age of 18 will head to the ballot box to elect 460 MPs and 100 senators for a four-year term.
Candidates must be at least 21 years of age for the lower house and 30 years old for the Senate, and can be put forward by political parties or voters, the PAP news agency reported.
Polish political parties gear up for elections
Poland’s governing conservatives in March launched an effort to win a third consecutive term in power, starting a nationwide tour to rally voters ahead of the elections and promising a raft of new policies “to make Poland stronger and secure.”
Meanwhile, the opposition appears to be set to enter the parliamentary election race divided into three separate blocs.
Two Polish opposition groupings, Poland 2050 and the rural-based Polish People’s Party (PSL), at the weekend reaffirmed their coalition agreement ahead of the elections, aiming to offer voters an alternative to the existing political options.
In February, Poland’s four main opposition parties, including Poland 2050 and the PSL, agreed to join forces in the race for the Senate, the upper house.
Donald Tusk, the former prime minister who heads Poland’s largest opposition party, the Civic Platform (PO), in January called for greater public scrutiny of election rules to avoid cases of "manipulation and fraud" in this year's parliamentary vote.
The ruling conservatives in 2019 won a convincing victory over opposition parties at the ballot box, securing a second term in power.
They maintained a majority in the 460-seat lower house, but narrowly lost control of the 100-seat upper house, the Senate.
The upper house is less powerful than the lower chamber, but it can delay or amend legislation. The Sejm, the lower house, needs to muster an absolute majority to override Senate amendments.
Bid to increase turnout
The Polish president in March approved changes to electoral law that officials say aim to bring polling stations closer to voters and increase turnout.
Under the new rules, drawn up by Poland’s ruling conservatives, municipalities without a well-developed mass transit system will need to provide voters with free transport to polling stations on election day.
Voters with disabilities and those aged 60 and older will be entitled to a free door-to-door transport service, bringing them from their homes to polling stations, according to officials.
The measure will also increase the number of polling stations nationwide by about 6,000, news outlets reported.
All these new rules are expected to increase voter turnout, officials have told reporters.
The new regulations also include the creation of a Central Electoral Register, the PAP news agency reported.
(pm/gs)
Source: PAP, prezydent.pl
Click on the audio player above for a report by Radio Poland's Michał Owczarek.