The missile hit Ukraine’s Lviv region, about 60 kilometres from the Polish border, officials said.
Russian officials said the target was a drone production facility and energy infrastructure, while Ukrainian authorities said unspecified infrastructure was struck, Reuters reported.
The attack came during a broader wave of overnight airstrikes that Ukrainian officials said killed at least four people in Kyiv, disrupted power supplies in the capital and damaged the Qatari embassy.
The Oreshnik missile, which Russia says is difficult to intercept, is capable of carrying nuclear warheads, according to experts.
"Such a strike close to the EU and NATO border is a grave threat to security on the European continent and a test for the transatlantic community," Ukrainian Foreign Minister Andrii Sybiha said on X.
“It is absurd that Russia attempts to justify this strike with the fake 'Putin residence attack' that never happened,” he added.
“Using an intermediate-range ballistic missile near the EU and NATO border is a global threat and demands a global response," he also said.
European Union foreign policy chief Kaja Kallas condemned the strike, calling Russia’s reported use of the Oreshnik “a clear escalation” and a warning to Europe and the United States.
“EU countries must dig deeper into their air defence stocks and deliver now,” Kallas said on X.
"We must also further raise the cost of this war for Moscow, including through tougher sanctions," she added.