The Poles won 23:16, 16:17, 29:23, 17:20 in the Group D match at the O2 Arena in the Czech capital Prague, Polish state news agency PAP reported.
A.J. Slaughter delivered a player-of-the-game performance, scoring 24 points, including six three-pointers, and contributing five assists and two steals, according to fiba.basketball.
“We stayed composed as a team, we played mature, tactically, defensively, that's a good sign for future games," Poland coach Igor Miličić said.
Poland beat co-hosts the Czech Republic 99:84 and lost to Finland 59:89 in their first two games.
They next play the Netherlands on Tuesday, also in Prague.
Poland's remaining opponents are Serbia, whom they face in the Czech capital on Thursday.
The best four teams from the group will qualify for the knockout stages.
The FIBA Men's EuroBasket 2022 is being co-hosted by the Czech Republic, Georgia, Italy and Germany.
The tournament runs until September 18.
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Source: PAP, przegladsportowy.onet.pl, fiba.basketball